Machining is any of various processes in which a piece of raw material is cut into a desired final shape and size by a controlled material-removal process. The processes that have this common theme, controlled material removal, are today collectively known as subtractive manufacturing. In distinction from processes of controlled material addition, which are known as additive manufacturing. Much of modern-day machining is carried out by computer numerical control (CNC), in which computers are used to control the movement and operation of mills, lathes, and other cutting machines. The three principal machining processes are classified as turning, drilling and milling. Other operations falling into miscellaneous categories include shaping, planning, boring, broaching, sawing etc.